There are lots of camera types and the most common are: Compact (point & shoot), Bridge (superzoom / semipro / prosumer), DSLR, Mirrorless Instant camera, Smartphone cameras.

This post has the characteristics of each type with the photo.

1. Compact also known as point & shoot cameras
   • Small – Lightweight
   • User friendly
   • Relatively cheap
   • Non changeable lens
   • Limited functionality
   • Small sensor –> low image quality
2. Bridge also known as superzoom / semipro / prosumer cameras
   [Called bridge as it lessened the distance between the compact (point & shoot) cameras and the professional cameras]
   • More functionality than compact (point & shoot) cameras, but less functionality than DSLR cameras
   • Heavier than compact (point & shoot) cameras
   • Non changeable lens
   • Its lens have high zoom
   • Small sensor –> low image quality
   
3. DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex)
   • Changeable lens
   • Advanced functionality
   • Has cropped and full frame (small sensors and full size sensors)
4. Mirrorless Instant cameras
   • Changeable lens
   • Advanced functionality
   • More accurate representation of the final image
   • No penta-prism mirror –> lighter and smaller size
   
5. Smartphone cameras
   • Competes compact (point & shoot) cameras
   • Very limited functionality -Basic
   • Extremely small sensor –> Low quality (resolution) of image